2000 BCE Evidence of a village on the site which is now the city

1. Sound file Nr. 1 (2000 B.C.E. through Caesar) (14 mins.) (mp3)

2. Sound file Nr. 2 (38 B.C.E. to Varus) (10 mins.) (mp3)

3. Sound file Nr. 3 (Teutoburg through the death of Christ) (15 mins.) (mp3)

4. Sound file Nr. 4 (The death of Christ through 140) (15 mins.) (mp3)

5. Sound file Nr. 5 (140 through 275) (6 mins.) (mp3)

Timeline

2000 BCE Evidence of a village on the site which is now the city of Trier.

200 BCE First preserved German verse, the Merseburg Magic Chants

100 BCE Julius Caesar born

51 BCE Julius Caesar conquers Gaul

54 BCE Julius Ceasar builds the first bridge over the Rhine and makes the first incursion in Germany. (After 18 days he retreats and destroys the bridge.) (Historic sites in Trier)

38 BCE Cologne founded as a Roman military camp

27 BCE Augustus becomes Roman Emperor

16 BCE Trier founded by Rome as Augusta Treverorum

13 BCE Mainz founded as Mogontiacum

10-9 BCE Roman General Drusus leads raids against the Germans from his base in Moguntiacum (Mainz)

12 BCE Romans make plans to conquer Germany (Germania)

4 Tiberius (later Emperor) leads raids against the Germans from the fortification of Moguntiacum (Mainz), Death of Herod of Judaea

6 Tiberius replaced by Varus on the German front

9 Armenius (Hermann the Great) destroys 3 Roman legions (XVII, XVIII, XIX) in the Teutoburg forest near Detmold (Roman General: Varus). The legions were never replaced and their numbers never again used.

12 Germanicus takes command of the Army of the Rhine.

14 Tiberius becomes Roman Emperor. In Augustus' will he advises against further attempts to expand the empire.

16 Tiberius makes the final decision to give up attempts to conquer the Germans. Germanicus is recalled.

17 Arminius murdered

26-36 Pontius Pilatus governor of Judaea

ca. 27 Jesus is baptized

ca. 30 Jesus dies

37 Caligula becomes the Roman Emperor

38 Caligula stages his "campaign" against the Germans

41 Claudius becomes Roman Emperor

42 (?) St. Peter becomes Bishop of Rome

50 Cologne receives the designation of Roman colony from the Emperor, Claudius (Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinsis) (previously a camp)

54 Nero becomes Roman Emperor

64 Great Fire of Rome (July);First persecution of Christians (Nero)

67 Linus becomes Bishop of Rome

68 Nero commits suicide. Galba becomes Emperor

69 Emperor Galba deposed. Emperor Otho deposed. Emperor Vitellius deposed. Vespasian becomes Emperor

79 Titus becomes Emperor

81 Domitian becomes Emperor

96 Nerva becomes Emperor

98 Tacitus Germania, Trajan becomes Roman Emperor

117 Hadrian becomes Roman Emperor

122 Hadrian's wall in Britan

140 Romans build a bridge over the Mosel at Trier (still in

use today). (Other Historic sites in Trier)

161 Marcus Aurelius becomes Roman Emperor

179 Castra Regina (Regensburg) founded

180 Commodus becomes Emperor

213 Germans breech the Limes. The Emperor Caracalla pays them to withdraw. Building of the imperial baths in Baden-Baden

253 Valerian becomes Emperor

258 Limes given up as a defensive line. German tribes attack northern Italy and Gaul

260 Gallienus becomes Emperor

260-268 Seven Year War on the Rhine

270 Aurelian becomes Emperor

270-275 Wars with the Goths, the Vandals, the Markomanians, and the Alemanni